Why It’s Important

Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery that affects millions worldwide. As nurses, we are uniquely positioned to identify and help potential victims. Our ability to recognize the signs of trafficking can be life-changing for victims, offering them a path to safety and recovery. By being vigilant and informed, we can play a crucial role in combating this heinous crime.

Important Resources
  • National Human Trafficking Hotline: (888) 373-7888
  • Nurses United Against Human Trafficking: https://www.nuaht.org

Red Flags in Patient History
  • Much older boyfriend (especially for minors)
  • Controlling companion who does all the talking
  • Inappropriate dress for weather
  • Multiple cell phones or pre-paid cards
  • Large amounts of cash
  • Lack of ID/passport or fake ID
  • Unfamiliar with current location
  • Uses trafficking-specific vocabulary
Physical Assessment Red Flags

Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat (HEENT)

  • Neck pain (possible forced oral sex)
  • Petechiae on throat/palate
  • Broken/missing teeth, tooth decay

OB/GYN

  • STIs in minors
  • Vaginal tearing or trauma
  • Numerous sexual partners
  • Repeated unplanned pregnancies/abortions
  • Retained foreign bodies in vagina
  • Anogenital trauma
  • Sexually explicit tattoos near genitalia

Musculoskeletal

  • Chronic back pain (no organic cause)
  • Bruising on back, buttocks, thighs, calves
  • Ownership-implying tattoos (e.g., barcodes, “Property of”)

Gastrointestinal

  • Unexplained IBS or heartburn
  • Abdominal pain (no organic cause)
  • Retained foreign body in anus
Signs of Torture/Abuse
  • Bruising on posterior neck
  • Bilateral injuries
  • Patterned injuries
  • Petechiae around eyes (possible strangulation)
  • Delayed seeking of medical care
  • Untreated injuries
  • Infected puncture wounds
  • Ear injuries
  • Clustered, discoid bruising
  • Rope marks or linear abrasions
  • “Road rash” on extremities
  • Cigarette burns (circular, 1cm diameter)
What to Do
  1. Observe patient behavior and physical signs
  2. If safe, try to speak with patient alone
  3. Use trauma-informed care approach
  4. Report suspicions to appropriate authorities
  5. Offer resources and support

Remember: Your role is to identify and report, not to rescue. Always prioritize your safety and that of the patient.

When in doubt, contact the National Human Trafficking Hotline for guidance.